Preparation considerations
Useful starting points
01
Use professional titles where the setting calls for them, then follow the other person’s lead.
02
Allow time for relationship-building in client-facing contexts.
03
For public-sector, diplomatic or highly formal settings, verify protocol rather than assuming ordinary business customs apply.
Culture is context, not a script.
Individual preference, profession, generation, region, language, organisation and the specific relationship may matter as much as nationality. Observe, ask respectfully and follow the host organisation’s guidance for formal situations.
Reviewed 2026-09-01. For official, diplomatic, legal or regulated contexts, verify current specialist or institutional protocol.